feat(docker): tag images based on release cycle

We want to tag images based on the different steps of the release
cycle:

- `dev` images where developpement is integrated
- `testing` images where releases are stabilised
- `stable` images when the release is done
  - `major` tag with only the first digit of the semantic version,
    this tag will always point to the latest release of the major
    version
  - `minor` tag with only the first 2 digits of the semantic version,
    this tag will always point to the latest release of the minor
    version
  - `release` tag with the full semantic version
  - `latest`/`stable` point to the latest stable image

Define `.tag-docker-image` template used by `*-docker-tag` jobs It tag
the `${IMAGE_NAME}:${SOURCE_TAG}` with the tag `${IMAGE_TAG}`

USAGE
=====

foo-docker-tag-devel:
  extends: .tag-docker-image
  variables:
    IMAGE_TAG: 'devel'

REQUIREMENTS
============

- A `release` stage must be present in your pipeline or it must be
  overriden by the extending job to feet your need.
- The `.not-on-stable` rules template

OPTIONAL VARIABLES
==================

- `IMAGE_NAME`: defaults to `${CI_JOB_NAME}` with any suffix
  `-docker-tag*` removed
- `SOURCE_TAG`: source image tag to retag, defaults to
  `git-${CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA}`
- `IMAGE_TAG`: image tag, defaults to `${CI_COMMIT_TAG}` with prefix
  `RELEASE_PREFIX` removed
- `RELEASE_PREFIX`: prefix of the `RELEASE`, defaults to `release/`

USED CI VARIABLES
=================

- `CI_REGISTRY`
- `CI_REGISTRY_USER`
- `CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD`
- `CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE`